Kongruens.  

Første del af siden er forklaringer - læs og forstå!
Opgaver kommer længere nede. Kopier det hele ind i et word dokument - og arbejd grundig!

Kongruens (K når jeg retter jeres arbejde) : Det vil sige at
der skal være overensstemmelse mellem grundled og udsagnsled.

 


Ental:


Flertal:

Et grundled kan stå i 1. person:

 

I

we

Et grundled kan stå i 2. person:

 

You

you

Et grundled kan stå i 3. person:

He, she, it, John, the boy, the hat, the milk, somebody, nobody, anybody, anyone, osv

they, the boys, Peter and Jane, the dogs, the hats

 NB!
Når grundleddet er 3. person ental, skal der -s på udsagnsleddet i nutid!!

Hvis udsagnsordet ender på  -o eller hvislelyd (s/ch/sh/x/z) tilføjes -es.

Se grammatisk oversigt nr. 8, 4,                                    

To sing:    To go: To have: To be:

I sing

I go

I have

I am

You sing

You go

You have

You are

He, she, it sings

He, she, it goes

He, she, it has

He, she, it is

We sing

We go

We have

We are

You sing

You go

You have

You are

They sing

They go

They have

They are

 

                      Grundled:                                              Udsagnsled:     

Alle er 3. person ental:                          Udsagnsleddet er i nutid:

the dog                                                    barks

she                                                           smiles           

                      Peter                                                        works                

                      it                                                               happens           

                      everybody                                               knows

 

På engelsk skal man huske at udsagnsord tilføjer –s i nutid, hvis grundleddet er 3. person ental - (dvs. he, she, it eller ord der kan erstattes af he, she, it).

 Eks.:         He says that he wants to see her tomorrow

Men:         They say that they want to see her tomorrow  

Pas især på henførende bisætninger, hvor grundleddet er who, which, that. 
Om udsagnsordene i disse tilfælde tilføjer –s,  afhænger af, hvad de henførende stedord viser tilbage til/står i stedet for.

 Eks.  I wanted to see the movie which starts at 8 o’clock
             (which viser tilbage til movie = it = 3. person ental)

Men :  I read the papers that come in the morning
            (that viser tilbage til papers = they = flertal)

Pas også på sætninger der har there som foreløbigt grundled. 
Det er det egentlige grundled, som kommer senere i sætningen, der bestemmer udsagnsordets form.

 Eks. There were many people on the beach  (Det egentlig grundled : many people = flertal)

Men:  There was only one person  in the store (Det egentlig grundled: one person= 3. pers. ental)

 Opgaver:

VÆLG KORREKT FORM AF UDSAGNSLEDDET I PARENTESEN: (Slet det som er forkert)

  1. It  (is/are) cold in the winter.

  2. We (work/works) every day.

  3. They (have/has) never seen an elephant before.

  4. I (am/are) often on holiday in England.

  5. You (learns/learn) a lot of English if you go to England.

  6. The cat (eats/eat) fish everyday).

  7.  The giraffe (has/have) dark spots all over its body.

  8.  Peter (know/knows) how to do it.

  9.  Your books (are/is) wet and dirty.

  10. Do/does) everybody understand what I (am/are) saying?

  11. Many boys (are/is) interested in football.

  12. Football (is/are) also a popular sport in England.
  13. I often (says /say) something I (does/do) not mean.
  14. My boyfriend (live/lives) in London.
  15. He (do/does) not have a job at the moment.
  16. Everybody (are/is) present now.
  17. Many birds (fly/flies) south in October.
  18. The men (is/are) very busy playing cards right now.
  19. Women often (have/has) two jobs: one at home and one outside the home.
  20.  Anyone in here (is/are) able to tell you the answer.
  21. She  (do/does) not know which way to go.
  22. Something (tell/tells) me to work harder.
  23.  The workers  (is/are) on strike.
  24.  Everybody (tell/tells) me to work harder.
  25.  His wife (go/goes) shopping every day and (buy/buys) a lot of things.
  26.  Everybody (love/loves) dogs, but nobody (love/loves) frogs.

Pas på!

I sætninger som begynder med there (foreløbigt grundled) retter udsagnsleddet sig efter det egentlige grundled:

There is a star in the sky

                      There are two stars in the sky

  1. There (is/are) many Negroes in England.

  2. There (is/are) some truth in what you (say/says).

  3. There (isn't/aren't) anybody in the shop.

  4. Then there (are/is) all the boys who cannot play football.

  5. There (is/are) nobody at the front door.

  6. There (is/are) thousands of tourists here every year.

Skal der være –s på udsagnsordet efter følgende ord?

Udfyld tipskuponen:

Grundled:                                      Udsagnsled:

 

+s

-s

you

 

 

something

 

 

I

 

 

somebody

 

 

The men

 

 

We

 

 

anyone

 

 

it

 

 

he

 

 

they

 

 

there

 

 

Steven and Peter

 

 

 

Pas også på kongruens i datid når du bruger "to be"

I  was                                  we were

you were                             you were

he, she, it was                     they were

 

 

 Her kommer nogle som kan være svære at huske:

1. People er flertal                                                          People say that.....

 

2. Money                                                                         The money has been stolen

    Information                                                                 The information was useful

    Furniture                                                                     The furniture was old

    Advice                                                                        The advice was good

    News                                                                          The news is very bad.

   (Disse ord er "utællelige" - dvs. ental)

Se Fejlstøvsugeren s. 40 - 44

3. Who, which, that er ental eller flertal. Det afhænger af det ord det fører tilbage til.

The boys who steal go to prison.

The boy who steals goes to prison.

The boy who has taken my bike is a thief.

The boys who have taken my bike are thieves.

Opgave: 

1.       Where (is/are) the money you gave me?

2.       My granddad, who (is/are) dead now, (was/were) a famous captain.

3.       People (have/has) grown taller since the Stone Age.

4.       Somebody somewhere (has/have) said that no news (is/are) good news.

5.       He makes skateboards that (run/runs forever.

6.       I visited Paris, which (is/are) a very interesting city.

7.       There (was/were) many people on the beach.

8.       The news I heard on TV (was/were) horrible.

9.       Everybody (love/loves) children – if they (is/are) guiet.

10.   The people that (buy/buys) Christmas presents now (is/are) stupid.

11.   Most of his money (was/were) spent on girls.

12.   All the shops which (is/are) worth seeing (lies/lie) in the main street.

13.   The furniture (was/were) thrown out of the window)

14.   Everybody (tell/tells) me to work harder, but I (is/am) not sure I can.

15.   All the people that (was/were) there had fought in World War II.

16.   All the information he could give (was/were) of no use.

17.   He (do/does) not know which answer (is/are) correct.

18.   One of my teeth (is/are) loose.

19.   There (is/are) many houses in England which (is/are) very bad.

20.   People in Denmark (does/do) not know enough about other countries.

Opgaver taget fra ”Fejlstøvsugeren”  s.  13-15. /IS